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William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme (19 September 1851 – 7 May 1925) was an English industrialist, philanthropist, and politician. Lever started work at his father's grocery business in Bolton but, as a businessman, he is noted for founding the soap and cleaning product firm, Lever Brothers, with his younger brother James in 1885. He began manufacturing Sunlight Soap and built a business empire with many well-known brands, such as Lux and Lifebuoy. In politics, Lever sat as a Liberal MP for Wirral and then as a Peer (as Lord Leverhulme). He was an advocate for expansion of the British Empire, particularly in Africa and Asia, which supplied palm oil, a key ingredient in Lever's product line. ==Biography== William Lever was born on 19 September 1851 at 16 Wood Street, Bolton, Lancashire, England. He was the eldest son and the seventh child born to James Lever (1809–1897), a grocer, and Eliza Hesketh, daughter of a cotton mill manager. He was educated at Bolton Church Institute between 1864 and 1867 and worked in the family grocery business from 1867 until he was given junior partnership in 1872. Lever was a member of the Congregationalist Church and applied its ideals in his business life. On 17 April 1874, he married Elizabeth Ellen Hulme, daughter of a draper and neighbour from Wood Street, at the Church of St Andrew and St George (then Congregational, now United Reformed) in Bolton. William, their only surviving child, was born at Thornton Hough in 1888. Lever moved to Thornton Hough in 1888 and bought Thornton Manor in 1893. He subsequently bought the village which he developed as a model village. His London home was The Hill at Hampstead, bought in 1904. He bought and demolished neighbouring Heath Lodge in 1911 to extend the garden.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Hindsites, Camden's secret histories, pass it on for 2012. )〕 The Hill was his main home from 1919.〔 In 1899 he bought Rockhaven in Horwich and the Rivington estate in early 1900. He built a wooden bungalow on the slopes of Rivington Pike in 1902 which was burned down in an arson attack in 1913 by suffragette, Edith Rigby. Its stone replacement was his summer home until his death. Lever began collecting artworks in 1893 when he bought a painting by Edmund Leighton. He founded the Lady Lever Art Gallery in 1922, dedicated to his late wife. In his later years, Leverhulme became deaf and kept a klaxon horn by his bed to wake him at 5 am. He took up ballroom dancing late in life. Throughout his life he thought the only healthy way to sleep was outdoors in the wind and the rain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The King of Sunlight How William Lever Cleaned Up The World )〕 Leverhulme was involved with freemasonry and by 1902 was the first initiate of a lodge bearing his name, William Hesketh Lever Lodge No. 2916. He later formed Leverhulme Lodge 4438. He saw freemasonry as a tool to reinforce the hierarchy within Lever Brothers. He was a founder of the Phoenix Lodge 3236 whilst an M.P in 1907〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=About Phoenix Lodge 3236 )〕 and a founder of St. Hilary Lodge No. 3591 founded 4 May 1912, then Past Pro-Grand Warden (P.P.G.W) and Immediate Past Master (I.P.M).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=About St Hilary Lodge )〕 He was appointed Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons of England in 1919 and co-founded a number of lodges.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Mersey Lodge 5434 )〕 He was Provincial Senior Grand Warden of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Cheshire. Lord Leverhulme died aged 74 of pneumonia at his home in Hampstead on 7 May 1925.〔 His funeral was attended by 30,000 people.〔(Pathe News, 1925 )〕 He is buried in the churchyard of Christ Church in Port Sunlight, Cheshire.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=William Hesketh Lever - Find A Grave )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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